美国时代杂志采访北大纵横财务顾问公司执行董事、副总经理李渊浩(Li Yuanhao)先生
Chinese Firms See U.S. as Land of Opportunity
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Trade: Some companies are buying American businesses and their
know-how at a discount.
By EVELYN IRITANI
TIMES STAFF WRITER
November 6 2001
Neither the collapse of the technology bubble, the slowing economy
nor even a terrorist attack can dull Li Yuanhao's enthusiasm for
investing in the United States.
Li is one of several investors from China who see an opportunity to
buy U.S. technology and management expertise at a discount.
At the moment, the money involved is only a trickle, compared with
the flood of higher-profile investments that came from Japan in the
boom years of the 1980s or from Europe particularly during the tech
bubble of the last five years. Nevertheless, Chinese firms have money
to spend and an incentive to go abroad because their markets will become
crowded after China joins the World Trade Organization this week and is
forced to open its borders to technologically advanced foreign companies.
"Chinese companies have to decide whether they want to be aggressive and
come out of China to get new technologies or sit there passively and be
eaten by foreign competition," said Li, who is overseeing the U.S.
expansion for Holley Group, China's largest producer of electric power
meters. He has bought three U.S.-based firms this year and soon will move
to larger quarters in Redwood City, Calif.
Hard numbers on Chinese investment in the U.S. aren't available because
government figures lag by several years and much of the mainland Chinese
money coming to the U.S. is diverted through Hong Kong or third-party
countries. But interviews with government officials and executives such
as Li show that Chinese investors are a bright spot in an otherwise bleak
U.S. landscape of plant closures and job cutbacks, particularly in the
technology arena.
Wei Qun E, a San Jose immigration attorney, said she has received a steady
flow of inquiries in recent months from Chinese firms seeking help getting
into the U.S.market. The Chinese Enterprise Assn., a mainland China
business organization established in northern California four years ago,
has 54 members, up from 18 in July. "Every seminar we have is packed,"
she said.
So far, the recent round of purchases has failed to spark the kind of
opposition that greeted Japanese investments in such American icons as
the golf course at Pebble Beach or the Seattle Mariners. But it does
represent the beginning of a deeper involvement in the U.S. economy and
technology, analysts said.
Chinese firms are finding a much more receptive environment than three
years ago, when U.S.-China relations were strained by accusations of
espionage and the Chinese business community was accused of harboring
spies. E, who has been working to improve the image of Chinese businesses
in the U.S., said Chinese investors are cautious but have been pleasantly
surprised by the warm welcome they have received.
"Everybody has been very positive," she said. "I suspect because the
economy is not good, any acquisition helps."
Lon Hatamiya, secretary of the California Technology, Trade and Commerce
Agency, said his staff is engaged in confidential talks with several
mainland Chinese companies interested in setting up shop in California.
Their main focus is food products, manufacturing and environmental
technology.
"We're seeing tremendous continued interest from China with a number of
delegations coming over, most of them government-led," said the state's
chief trade official.
For Chinese pioneers such as Konka Group, a leading television maker, and
Haier Group, one of China's top appliance manufacturers, cracking the
competitive U.S. market was a critical step in building a global brand.
Haier America, which invested$40 million in a factory in South Carolina,
is selling its low-cost refrigerators, air conditioners and freezers in
stores like Wal-Mart and Office Depot and already hascaptured 50% of the
U.S. market for compact refrigerators. The company's most popular
refrigerator, a 4.2-cubic-foot model, sells for $180 at Office Depot.
Comparable products cost $150 to $200.
Michael Jemal, president of Haier America, said he offers better value than
his competitors because he keeps his overhead low in the U.S. and has cheap
research and production costs back in China, where most of the appliances
are made. Haier recently purchased a historical building in mid-Manhattan
for $14 million and will be moving to its new headquarters next month.
Jemal said Haier plans to build another factory in the U.S. as early as
the end of 2002.
"We are not really experiencing any of the slowdown that has been really
documented across the country, in part because we don't have the
infrastructure a lot of other companies have," he said. "We are a low-cost
producer, and we are aggressively expanding within the U.S."
Lu Xin, an economic officer in the Chinese Consulate in San Francisco, said
these large Chinese firms are investing for the long haul and are not
deterredby the gloomy outlook.
"Although the economy of the U.S. is now declining, they are very
confident because they think it's still healthy and this kind of downturn
is temporary," he said.
But given the pull of their domestic economy--which is expected to expand
at 7% this year even with a slowdown in exports--many Chinese firms are
looking to the U.S. not as a market but as a retooling base to improve
their competitiveness back home.
"They view this as a matter of survival," said Sidney Rittenberg, president
of Rittenberg & Associates, a China consulting firm.
That was true of Holley Group, which began its expansion into the U.S. late
last year. Getting access to cutting-edge technology was critical to
maintaining a 40% share of the competitive China market, said Li, who also
serves as an advisor to the chairman of Holley Group.
First on Holley's shopping list was a small California publicly traded
company, American Champion Entertainment Inc. After investing $2 million
and selling off the entertainment-related assets, Holley renamed the firm
Pacific Systems Control Technology and turned it into a research and
development arm for meter technology, Li said. Holley, which controls
several publicly traded companies in China, used a stock swap to acquire
Pacificnet.com Inc., a small Minneapolis-based software firm.
The ambitious Yuhang-based firm also wanted to break into China's exploding
telecommunications market, already the world's largest for cell phones.
Philips Semiconductors Inc. was anxious to sell off the portion of its
wireless business based on the CDMA standard, which is used in the U.S. The
firm, a subsidiary of the European telecommunications giant, wanted to
focus on products based on the competing European wireless standard known
as GSM. China recently agreed to adopt the CDMA standard. (CDMA stands for
code division multiple access; GSM is global system for mobile
communications.)
In September, Holley purchased Philip's handset design and software
operations in Dallas and Vancouver, Canada, for an undisclosed amount.
Philips kept the chip operation and will supply the Chinese firm when
it starts production in China, said Ivo Rutten, vice president and general
manager of Philip's BL Cellular Americas in San Jose. San Diego's Qualcomm
Inc. dominates the CDMA market, but the Chinese government is supporting
Holley's efforts to break into the field.
"Holley had money and they bought themselves two jet engines to propel
themselves into this market," he said.
The collapse of the technology bubble has created a buyer's market in
America, Chinese executives said. Li would not disclose the price of his
la acquisition but said Holley negotiated a "very good deal."
Technology isn't the only attraction for the Chinese. Holley hopes its
Chinese executives can learn more about Western management techniques by
observing their new U.S. counterparts, who will be relocated to Redwood
City next month. Li said most of the 70 employees acquired with the
Philips' deal will be retained. "There could be some Chinese managers but
it's not going to be managed by Chinese management," he said. "We know we
can't run an American business with Chinese managers."
Others are hoping to follow Holley's lead. Hangzhou Reliability Instrument
Factory in Zhejiang, China, is shopping for a U.S. producer of the direct
current power modules used in telecom and data transmission. The products
would be exported back to China, where a construction and communications
boom has created a huge demand for these modules.
"The reason we are interested in buying a company in the U.S. is the
slowing economy," said Lu Qian, chief engineer for the 300-employee firm.
"We think the price of buying a U.S. company is reasonable now."
Some Chinese-born Silicon Valley entrepreneurs also are benefiting from
this influx of Chinese capital. Shao Xiaofeng and Jun Li, the co-founders
of ServGate Technology Inc., returned to the mainland to raise funds for
their computer network security firm. Shao, a graduate of China's famous
Tsinghua University and UC San Diego, said his firm wanted an investor
that could provide capital and help sell their product in China, their
primary market.
Beijing Tsinghua Unisplender Group, a leading Chinese high-tech firm, has
invested $500,000 in ServGate and has provided the U.S. start-up with
valuable contacts in China, Shao said. He said he knows of at least four
or five other Silicon Valley start-ups founded by Chinese entrepreneurs
that have pursued a similar strategy.
"People feel we have to have some money from China in order to successfully
occupy market share there," he said.
Ting Zheng, co-founder of LinkAir Communications, a Santa Clara, Calif.,
firm that has developed a new chip technology for high-speed wireless
communications, has raised $33 million from investors in the U.S. and Asia.
He said that many mainland Chinese investors are interested, but that the
deals are more difficult to close because they are less comfortable
investing in high-risk ventures that promise huge payoffs.
"There is tons of money available in China, but they are much more
conservative, not like venture capitalists," he said. "Our firm is at
a stage where we have proven our technology so our risk factor is lower.
If you're just a start-up trying to find money in China, it's difficult."
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